布朗Essay代写:最根本的挑战

2017-03-16 13:28

也许最根本的挑战，因此从设计的说法来自于他的纯粹理性批判Immanuel Kant。这里康德（1929：a625-a630）声称，从设计的观点，他从自然神学的论点，试图证明上帝的存在，只能通过经验，但暗中依赖先验论证，力图避免。这是因为，在这个例子中，康德和休姆有着类似的争论，声称不可能证明个体事物不能维持自己的秩序和和谐。为了证明这一点，康德认为，有必要证明存在的所有充分的存在，这是一个论点的比喻之间的人造物体和自然物体是无法实现的。因此，从设计的论证，必须依靠康德所说的“本体论”的论点，其中独一的理由是用来尝试和证明神的存在。因此，上帝的概念作为一个必要的存在，需要从设计的论点，使任何意义，但证明这是超越其界限。康德（1929：A599简介）认为，概念本身并不足以证明存在，注意的是，他可以在他的口袋里有一百个银币，而这不包含超过一百个银币的概念更多或更少的银元，他的财务状况有重大影响他是否仅仅是一百个银币的概念或如果他真有。[ 4 ]同样，我们可以添加多个谓词的上帝的概念我们喜欢的，但这并不一定意味着这样一个上帝的存在。

布朗Essay代写:最根本的挑战

Perhaps the most radical challenge to the argument from design therefore comes from Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason. Here Kant (1929:A625-A630) claims that the argument from design, which he terms the physico-theological argument, attempts to prove the existence of God through experience alone, but surreptitiously relies on the transcendental arguments which it tries to avoid. This is because for Kant, who in this instance is arguing in a similar vein to Hume, claims that it is not possible to prove that individual things are incapable of maintaining their own order and harmony. To prove this, Kant argues, it would be necessary to prove the existence of an all-sufficient being, something which an argument using an analogy between human made objects and natural objects is unable to achieve. The argument from design must therefore rely on an argument which Kant terms the ‘ontological’ argument, where reason alone is used to try and prove the existence of God. The concept of God as a necessary being is therefore needed for the argument from design to make any sense, yet proving this is beyond its bounds. Kant (1929:A599) argues that concepts alone are not enough to prove existence, noting that he can have a hundred thalers in his pocket, and while this contains no more or less thalers than the concept of a hundred thalers, his financial position is greatly effected by whether he has merely the concept of a hundred thalers or if he really has them.[4] Similarly we can add as many predicates to the concept of God as we like, but this does not necessarily mean that such a God exists.

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