英国达特茅斯代写Essay:遗传物质

2018-12-28 00:30

如果一个人使用伊曼努尔·康德的哲学和克隆的科学，克隆使用一个人的遗传物质(克隆)作为一个工具来实现另一个人的需要(人克隆)。因此，可以说这个过程是不道德的，为什么应该禁止。另一方面，1978年在英国出生的第一个试管婴儿是一个正常的女性。起初，用试管制造人类的想法是疯狂的，因为可能存在先天缺陷，从那以后，成千上万的孩子使用这种方法出生。过去反对克隆的人和反对克隆的人是一样的。[参考译文]国家生物伦理咨询委员会(NBAC)也建议制定一部联邦法律，批准任何通过克隆来创造人类的行为。这个组织利用美国人对克隆人的不合逻辑的保留作为禁令的动机。这些恐惧来自于有关克隆人的虚构电影和小说，以及对科学家的不信任。到目前为止，反对克隆人的论点是建立在人类情感和伦理的基础上的，而不是基于事实。然而，情感可以随着证据而改变。例如，人工授精曾被视为一种反常行为，如今被视为一种社会规范。此外，通过羊膜腔对唐氏综合症进行基因检测，因为选择怀孕是一种选择。克隆可以提供一些好处:它可以帮助科学家理解细胞如何老化;有助于治疗线粒体DNA疾病;更重要的是，可以消除使用胚胎进行研究。这可以通过使用“正常阶段的去分化细胞，而不是将它们与卵子融合，从而产生用于生殖实验的胚胎”来实现(彭斯46)。还有绵羊波莉，它是1997年第一只拥有人类基因的克隆动物。波莉能够在牛奶中产生一种人类蛋白质;帮助个人，如血友病患者和骨病患者无法产生它。(CNN互动)。随着威尔穆特的技术和发现，有可能找到新的疗法来帮助病人，例如，基因的改变可以帮助治疗囊性纤维化，而猪的器官移植可以通过基因改变来减少排异反应.
英国达特茅斯代写Essay:遗传物质
If one uses Immanuel Kant philosophies and adds the science of cloning, cloning uses one person’s genetic material (to clone) as a vehicle to achieve the needs of another person (the person cloning). Therefore, one can say that this process is unethical and why it should be forbidden.On the other hand, for example, the first IVF baby born in England in 1978 is a normal woman. At first, the idea of producing humans in a tube was insane because of possible birth defects, since then thousands of kids have been born utilizing this method. The same people arguing against it in the past were the same people arguing against cloning. The National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) has also suggested a federal law to sanction any effort to create a human by cloning. This organization utilized the American’s illogical reservation of human cloning as a motive for a ban. The fears come from fictional movies and novels of human cloning, as well as, not being able to trust scientists. Arguments against human cloning thus far have been based on human emotions and ethics rather than facts. Emotions, however, can change with evidences. Artificial insemination for example, was once looked at as a deviance, now considered a social norm. Also, genetic testing for Down syndrome through amniocenteses because selection of pregnancy was an option.Cloning can offer some benefits: It can help scientist to comprehend how cells age; it can help with treating mitochondrial DNA diseases; and more importantly can eliminate the use of embryos for research. This could be accomplished by using the “de-differentiated cell in the normal stage without fusing them to an egg, to create an embryo for reproductive experiments” (Pence 46). There is also Polly the sheep, the first cloned animal to have a human gene in 1997. Polly was able to produce a human protein in the milk; to help individuals, such as hemophiliacs and bone diseases suffers that are not able to produce it. (CNN interactive). With Wilmut’s techniques and discoveries, there is the possibility of new therapies to help sick people, for example, the alteration of a gene can help the treatment of cystic fibrosis and the transplant of pig’s organs to dying humans could be genetically altered to reduce rejection

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