英国环境学作业代写 湿地社会生态系统

2020-06-13 21:55

Dixon和Carrie(2016)报告称，尽管湿地社会生态系统为发展中国家的许多穷人提供了生计福利，但为了实现可持续发展，需要当地的利用策略，以平衡环境和发展结果。各非政府组织和社会工作者正在将地方机构能力建设纳入发展项目，因为地方机构安排是加强人民与其环境的关系和促进适应性共同管理的有效途径。他们研究了马拉维的一个为期三年的“保持平衡”(SAB)项目，试图将可持续的湿地管理实践嵌入以社区为基础的当地制度安排中，并建议说，观察到的南非米勒当地制度有效性的下降可以归因于利益相关者的包容性和代表性问题;它们的可持续性可以说从一开始就受到了损害，因为它们被嵌套在已经存在的、外部驱动的村庄“俱乐部”中，而这些俱乐部的成员和决策与社区内的所有湿地利益相关者并不一致。Asthana(2013)报告说，印度农业部门的特点是在信贷、生产、加工和销售方面的合作机构。在印度，合作机构从国家一级到村一级的结构都很完善，在印度98%的村庄中都有合作机构。通过利用这些合作机构进行培训和教育，可以使农业社区对全球变暖和可持续农业问题更加敏感。最近，亚洲及太平洋农业机械测试网(ANTAM)通过了第一套规则和条例，使该区域参与国能够建立认可的工作站和相互承认的标准。区域农业专家全面评估了ANTAM标准，包括动力分蘖器、喷雾机和水稻插秧机，以更好地促进该地区的可持续农业实践。
英国环境学作业代写 湿地社会生态系统
 Dixon and Carrie (2016) reported that although wetland socio-ecological systems provide livelihood benefits for many poor people throughout the developing world, however local utilization strategies are required for their sustainable development in order to balance both environmental and developmental outcomes. Various NGOs and social workers are integrating local institutional capacity building into development projects as local institutional arrangements provide an effective way of strengthening peoples’ relationships with their environment and facilitating adaptive co-management. They studied a three year Striking a Balance (SAB) project in Malawi sought to embed sustainable wetland management practices within community-based local institutional arrangements and suggested that the observed declining effectiveness of SAB’s local institutions could be attributed to issues of stakeholder inclusiveness and representations; their sustainability was arguably compromised from their inception on account of them being nested within pre-existing, externally driven village ‘clubs’ whose membership and decision-making was not congruent with all the wetland stakeholders within the community. Asthana (2013) reported that Indian agriculture sector is characterized by cooperative institutions in credit, production, processing and marketing. Cooperative institutions have a well-developed structure from national level up to village level making presence in 98 % in villages of India. Farming community can be sensitized on global warming and sustainable agriculture through training and education using these cooperative institutions.Recently Asian and Pacific Network for Testing of Agricultural Machinery (ANTAM) adopted its first set of rules and regulations for enabling the establishment of accredited stations and mutually recognized standards amongst participating countries in the region.  Regional agriculture experts comprehensively assessed standardized ANTAM codes for power tillers, misters-cum-dusters and paddy transplanters, to better promote sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
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