伯克利大学essay代写:欧盟法律

2017-03-26 15:44

欧盟法律至上的原则进一步开发Simmenthal[7]。在这种情况下,被申请人公司进口牛肉从法国到意大利,带来了一个动作前Pretore(意大利法庭)声称还款的收费在边境检查,因为这些都是不符合欧盟法律。法院同意和Pretore命令偿还金额。然而,意大利财政当局反对,不仅国家法院可以拒绝适用国家法律与社会矛盾,但必须先把之前,意大利宪法法院的国内法律宣布违宪。Pretore因此又将此案移交到法院的裁决,所有国家法院必须直接和立即执行一个明确的和无条件的提供社区法律,即使在有直接冲突的国家宪法或其他法律地位升高。到目前为止,意大利国家电力公司和Handelsgesellschaft例有明确这一点,尽管Simmenthal进一步突出问题。如果国家没有国内管辖问题的法院或留出国家立法行为?在意大利这个函数是由宪法法院来执行,这也解释了为什么在Simmenthal税务机关质疑Pretore的命令授予偿还费用。然而,法院认为,即使宪法法院是唯一的国家法院的权力在国家法律的合宪性发音出现冲突,法院必须给共同体法律立即生效之前没有等待着宪法法院的裁决。法院不愿被创建新领域国家管辖权的法院和相应的国家法院必须不适用国家规定,形成一个障碍的直接适用性或共同体法律的有效性。
伯克利大学essay代写:欧盟法律
Supremacy of EU law as a doctrine was developed even further in the Simmenthal[7] case. In this case the respondent company which had imported beef from France to Italy, had brought an action before the Pretore (Italian court) claiming repayment of the fees charged at inspection at the frontier on the grounds that these were incompatible with EU law. The ECJ agreed and the Pretore ordered repayment of the amounts. However, the Italian fiscal authorities objected that the national court could not just refuse to apply a national law that conflicted with Community law, but must first bring the matter before the Italian Constitutional Court to have the domestic law declared unconstitutional. The Pretore therefore referred the case again to the ECJ which ruled that all national courts must directly and immediately enforce a clear and unconditional provision of Community law, even where there is a directly conflicting national law of constitutional or other elevated status.So far the ENEL and Handelsgesellschaft cases had made this point clear, although Simmenthal highlighted a further problem. What happens if national courts have no domestic jurisdiction to question or to set aside national legislative acts? In Italy this function is carried out by the Constitutional Court, which explains why the tax authorities in Simmenthal questioned the Pretore’s order awarding the repayment of fees. The ECJ however, held that even if the Constitutional Court is the only national court with the power to pronounce on the constitutionality of a national law where a conflict arises, that court must give immediate effect to the Community law without awaiting the prior ruling of the constitutional court. The ECJ does not wish to be seen to create new areas of jurisdiction for national courts and accordingly national courts must not apply national rules that form an obstacle to the immediate applicability or effectiveness of Community law.