英国曼彻斯特代写作业:帮助理解定言令式

2018-12-20 16:39

为了将康德的定言令式应用于实践，他提出了四种帮助理解定言令式的公式。第一个是普遍规律的公式，它规定“行为必须遵循这样一条准则，通过这条准则，你才能同时使它成为普遍规律”(康德，1998，第31页)。正如本文前面所述，这种提法与普适性原则有关。第二种是自然法则的公式，要求我们“行为时，要把你的行为准则通过你的意志变成一种普遍的自然法则”(康德，1998，第31页)。这种提法涉及自然法则和道德法则之间的平行关系。他的命令式的第三个提法是人性，要求你“以对待人性的方式行事，无论是以你自己还是以他人的方式，始终将其作为一种目的，而不是简单地作为一种手段”(康德，1998年，第37页)。这说明了他对他人的尊重以及我们在道德行动中需要以普遍的方式善待他人。他对绝对命令的第四种也是最后一种表述是自主性。它指出，我们的行动应以“每一个理性存在的意志作为一种给予普遍规律的意志的观念”为指导(康德，1998年，第39页)。这一自治原则包括自由和理性选择的概念，以及比较和评价不同选择的能力。在康德的理论中，自治是一种理想，只有在善意的引导下才能实现。
英国曼彻斯特代写作业:帮助理解定言令式
To apply Kant’s categorical imperative in a practical way, he offers four formulations to aid in its understanding. The first is the formula of universal law which states “act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law” (Kant, 1998, p.31). As stated earlier in this essay, this formulation relates to the universability principle. The second is the formula of the law of nature and asks us to “act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature” (Kant, 1998, p.31). This formulation relates to the parallels between the laws of nature and moral law. The third formulation of his imperative is of humanity and asks that you “act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply as a means” (Kant, 1998, p.37). This describes his respect for others and our need in moral action to act well towards others in a universal manner. His fourth and final formulation for the categorical imperative is that of autonomy. It states that our actions are to be guided by “the idea of the will of every rational being as a will giving universal law” (Kant, 1998, p. 39). This principle of autonomy includes the concept of free and rational choice, as well as the capacity to compare and evaluate differing options. Unless directed by good will, autonomy is an ideal which will not be achieved in Kant’s theory.

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