英国莱斯特代写作业:义务和限制

2018-10-20 18:28

义务论包含的第二点是约束。“这些禁令限制了我们可以对任何人做什么，甚至是为了追求好的目的”(麦克诺顿和罗林斯38)。如前所述，有约束可以让义务论者避免做出任何违背道德原则的行为。另一方面，功利主义会以效用最大化作为回报。约束的力量也因人而异，但它们仍然是功利主义中看不到的东西，因为在进行功利主义行为时没有考虑到个人的约束。义务论的最后一点，选择，可以被认为是一个强大的因素，允许人们的道德个性。选择创造了一种能力让不同的人在任何特定的情况下做出不同的决定因为在义务论中他们有这样的选择。在功利主义中，“正确”的选择是你做出的最有利的选择。义务论的回应，在某种程度上，通过给人们选择和能力来考虑多重结果。然后，考虑到特殊的义务和限制，一个人能够做出符合他们的参数的决定，而不是客观的决定来造福大众。
英国莱斯特代写作业:义务和限制
The second point included in deontology is having constraints. “These prohibitions constrain in what we may do to any person, even in pursuit of good ends” (McNaughton and Rawlings 38). As mentioned before, having constraints allows a deontologist to refrain from committing any act that would not abide by their moral principles. Utilitarianism on the other hand, would commit any act with the reward of maximizing utility. The strength of constraints also vary person to person but they are still something not seen in utilitarianism because an individual’s constraints aren’t taken into account when making utilitarian actions.The final point in deontology, options, could be considered a strong factor that allows moral individuality of people. Options create the ability for different people to make a multitude of different decisions in any given situation because in deontology they’re given the option to do so. In Utilitarianism, the “right” option is the choice you make that accrues the most good. Deontology responds, in a way, to this by giving people choices and ability to consider multiple outcomes. Then, with special obligations and constraints taken into consideration, a person is able to make a decision that fits within their parameters rather than the objective decision to benefit the masses.

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